Speech (House debate)

{
    "time": "2017-12-05 18:25:00",
    "attribution": {
        "en": "Ms. Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet (Hochelaga, NDP)",
        "fr": "Mme Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet (Hochelaga, NPD)"
    },
    "content": {
        "en": "<p data-HoCid=\"5169778\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Mr. Speaker, I am very honoured to rise today to support Bill <a data-HoCid=\"8160636\" href=\"/bills/42-1/C-262/\" title=\"An Act to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\">C-262</a>, which was introduced by my colleague and friend from Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169779\" data-originallang=\"fr\">The purpose of this bill is to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169780\" data-originallang=\"fr\">As we celebrate the 150th anniversary of the place we now call Canada, we must take this opportunity to pursue genuine reconciliation with indigenous peoples. A good look at the living conditions of many of Canada's first nations might dampen our celebratory mood. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169781\" data-originallang=\"fr\">This year also marks the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Drafted over a period of more than 20 years in collaboration with indigenous nations around the world, this living human rights instrument seeks to enhance harmonious relations between states and indigenous peoples.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169782\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Unfortunately, Canadian governments of the past 150 years have opposed the adoption of this declaration and its fundamental principles or have failed to take the necessary measures to implement it, a pattern that continues today. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169783\" data-originallang=\"fr\">I was very pleased to learn recently that there is some openness among certain members of this government, and I hope that we have enough support to finally implement this important declaration within our own legislative framework. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169784\" data-originallang=\"fr\">It is unacceptable and particularly shameful that a disconnect still persists between the official recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples and the implementation of policies that allow those rights to be fully implemented on the ground. It is high time that we did something, that we stopped talking and started acting, so that the first peoples of this country do not have to wait another second for their fundamental rights to be protected, respected, and recognized.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169785\" data-originallang=\"fr\">I sincerely thank my colleague and dear friend from Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou for playing such an important role in actively contributing to the drafting of this declaration. Above all, I congratulate him on having the courage and daring to introduce Bill <a data-HoCid=\"8160636\" href=\"/bills/42-1/C-262/\" title=\"An Act to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\">C-262</a>, giving us this historic opportunity to debate the fundamental rights of indigenous people here in the House of Commons.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169786\" data-originallang=\"fr\">The fight for indigenous rights is very near and dear to me. However, it is very frustrating that so much work remains to be done to ensure the survival, dignity, and well-being of indigenous peoples in Canada.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169787\" data-originallang=\"fr\">In 2012, as the official opposition housing critic, I went on an extensive Canada-wide tour to determine the extent of the housing crisis in our country. As long as I live, I will never forget the time I spent in the ridings of my colleagues from <a data-HoCid=\"214476\" href=\"/politicians/romeo-saganash/\" title=\"Romeo Saganash\">Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou</a> and <a data-HoCid=\"214573\" href=\"/politicians/georgina-jolibois/\" title=\"Georgina Jolibois\">Desneth\u00e9\u2014Missinippi\u2014Churchill River</a>.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169788\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Thanks to them, I had the opportunity to meet with northern Inuit and Cree communities from Nunavik and members of the first nations of northern Saskatchewan. That is when theory became reality, and I grasped the scope of the indigenous housing problem in Canada.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169789\" data-originallang=\"fr\">I have a hard time understanding how the government can remain so idle on this file when we know that it is not uncommon, in indigenous communities, to see 15 family members living under one roof, with walls covered in mould, often with no access to potable water. They are living in conditions that we would never accept if those conditions were as widespread in the non-indigenous population.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169790\" data-originallang=\"fr\">What is more, the housing units they live in are not adapted to their traditional way of life or to the climate. This painful reality affects them deeply, but no targeted strategy was included in the national housing strategy that was announced less than two weeks ago.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169791\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Housing is not the only area in which they experience discrimination. As we speak, indigenous men, women and children are still subject to archaic, colonial, racist, discriminatory, and sexist laws. Indigenous peoples continue to be excluded and marginalized and to suffer serious violations of their fundamental rights.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169792\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Intergenerational trauma, the wave of suicides, and the deterioration of mental and physical health should receive the attention they deserve. I could go on and on, as there are many problems.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169793\" data-originallang=\"fr\">What is certain is that past and current colonialist measures and policies of governments and churches have resulted in the dispossession of their lands and resources, the shameful residential school system, and the cultural genocide brought on by the denial and destruction of indigenous languages and cultures.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169794\" data-originallang=\"fr\">It is now 2017, and our country claims to be in an era of reconciliation. If the time for reconciliation has truly arrived, if we are truly sincere, these actions must stop immediately.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169795\" data-originallang=\"fr\">It is imperative that we stop talking and start acting, because the fundamental rights of indigenous peoples are no longer negotiable. They are universal and should be treated accordingly.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169796\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Members will surely recall that last year, in call to action no. 43, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada called on the federal government \u201cto fully adopt and implement the <em>United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples </em> as the framework for reconciliation.\u201d </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169797\" data-originallang=\"fr\">In call to action no. 44, the commission called on the government to \u201cdevelop a national action plan, strategies, and other concrete measures to achieve the goals of the <em>United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</em>.\u201d</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169798\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Today, Bill <a data-HoCid=\"8160636\" href=\"/bills/42-1/C-262/\" title=\"An Act to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\">C-262</a> gives us an opportunity to reject our colonial past and to reverse the historical patterns and decisions that were imposed and that threatened the survival of many indigenous peoples. It gives us the opportunity to adopt a new approach based on justice, equality, respect for human rights, and good faith, an approach that should have been taken and recognized a long time ago.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169799\" data-originallang=\"fr\">The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples sets out a series of human rights and fundamental freedoms that indigenous peoples have the right to enjoy. Article 9 of the declaration specifically states that:</p>\n<blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169800\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right to belong to an indigenous community or nation, in accordance with the traditions and customs of the community or nation concerned. No discrimination of any kind may arise from the exercise of such a right. </p>\n</blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169801\" data-originallang=\"fr\">The days of forced assimilation and cultural genocide are over. Whether we are talking about education, health, or environmental protection, preserving their identity and their customs and traditions has to be the top priority.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169802\" data-originallang=\"fr\">The declaration also allows for the right to self-determination, the right to maintain and develop their own political, religious, cultural, and educational institutions, and the protection of their cultural and intellectual property.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169803\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Article 33 of the declaration states that:</p>\n<blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169804\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> Indigenous peoples have the right to determine their own identity or membership in accordance with their customs and traditions. This does not impair the right of indigenous individuals to obtain citizenship of the States in which they live. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169805\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> [They also] have the right to determine the structures and to select the membership of their institutions in accordance with their own procedures. </p>\n</blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169806\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Another key aspect of the declaration is control over their own lands, territories, and natural resources. The history of the indigenous peoples teaches us that they have lived on these lands since time immemorial.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169807\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Despite treaties and commitments to live in harmony on this land, the settlers did not keep their promises. There needs to be a return of lands, territory, and resources, as well as fair and equitable compensation. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169808\" data-originallang=\"fr\">On that note, article 19 of the declaration states, and I quote:</p>\n<blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169809\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them. </p>\n</blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169810\" data-originallang=\"fr\">This article of the declaration would allow us to change the way we do things and our historically colonialist attitude and implement a process for true nation-to-nation negotiation, on equal terms.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169811\" data-originallang=\"fr\">The declaration also provides for fair and mutually acceptable procedures to resolve conflicts between indigenous peoples and states, including procedures such as negotiations, mediation, arbitration, the creation of national and international courts, and regional mechanisms for denouncing and examining human rights violations.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169812\" data-originallang=\"fr\">The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is the culmination of more than 25 years of collaboration, and the bill from the member for <a data-HoCid=\"214476\" href=\"/politicians/romeo-saganash/\" title=\"Romeo Saganash\">Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou</a> will enable this country to build a truly meaningful nation-to-nation relationship at last.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169813\" data-originallang=\"fr\">This legislative framework will allow us to leave a lasting legacy by gradually correcting the mistakes of the past, serving as a catalyst that will ultimately lead to the repeal of the shameful Indian Act, and effectively banning the discriminatory doctrines of discovery and <em>terra nullius</em>.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169814\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Lastly, this legislative framework will affirm the significant value of the national reconciliation process. Without justice, there can be no reconciliation in Canada.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169815\" data-originallang=\"fr\">It is high time we adopted and implemented the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, so that the fundamental rights of first nations, M\u00e9tis, and Inuit peoples can finally be restored and recognized.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169816\" data-originallang=\"fr\">In closing, I would like to note that we are on unceded Anishinabe territory. </p>",
        "fr": "<p data-HoCid=\"5169778\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Monsieur le Pr\u00e9sident, je suis tr\u00e8s honor\u00e9e de prendre la parole aujourd'hui pour appuyer le projet de loi <a data-HoCid=\"8160636\" href=\"/bills/42-1/C-262/\" title=\"An Act to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\">C-262</a> de mon coll\u00e8gue et ami d'Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169779\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Ce projet de loi vise \u00e0 assurer l'harmonie des lois f\u00e9d\u00e9rales avec la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169780\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Alors que nous c\u00e9l\u00e9brons le 150<sup>e</sup> anniversaire de ce que nous appelons aujourd'hui le Canada, nous avons le devoir de profiter de cette occasion pour prendre des mesures susceptibles d'assurer une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9conciliation avec les peuples autochtones. En prenant un pas de recul, on constate les conditions de vie de plusieurs nations autochtones au pays, et cela donne un peu moins le go\u00fbt de festoyer.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169781\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Cette ann\u00e9e, c'est aussi le 10<sup>e</sup> anniversaire de l'adoption de la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones. R\u00e9dig\u00e9 en collaboration avec les peuples autochtones du monde entier, sur plus de 20 ans, cet instrument \u00e9volutif en mati\u00e8re de droits de la personne a pour objectif d'encourager des relations harmonieuses entre les \u00c9tats et les peuples autochtones.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169782\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Malheureusement, les gouvernements canadiens des 150 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es se sont oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 l'adoption de cette d\u00e9claration et \u00e0 ses principes fondamentaux ou n'ont pas pris les mesures n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 sa mise en oeuvre, encore aujourd'hui.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169783\" data-originallang=\"fr\">J'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s heureuse d'apprendre r\u00e9cemment qu'il y avait une ouverture de la part de certains membres du gouvernement actuel, en esp\u00e9rant que ce soit suffisant pour que nous puissions enfin mettre en oeuvre cette importante d\u00e9claration dans notre cadre l\u00e9gislatif.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169784\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Le d\u00e9calage qui persiste encore entre la reconnaissance officielle des droits des peuples autochtones et la mise en oeuvre de politiques permettant leur pleine r\u00e9alisation sur le terrain est inacceptable et particuli\u00e8rement honteux. Il est plus que temps que nous passions de la parole aux actes, afin que les premiers peuples du pays n'aient pas \u00e0 attendre encore un seul instant avant que leurs droits fondamentaux soient prot\u00e9g\u00e9s, respect\u00e9s et reconnus.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169785\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Je remercie profond\u00e9ment mon tr\u00e8s cher coll\u00e8gue d'Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou d'avoir jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le aussi important en participant activement \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction de cette d\u00e9claration. Et surtout, je le f\u00e9licite d'avoir eu le courage et l'audace de d\u00e9poser le projet de loi <a data-HoCid=\"8160636\" href=\"/bills/42-1/C-262/\" title=\"An Act to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\">C-262</a> qui nous donne aujourd'hui l'occasion historique de d\u00e9battre des droits fondamentaux des peuples autochtones \u00e0 la Chambre des communes.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169786\" data-originallang=\"fr\">La lutte pour les droits des peuples autochtones est un enjeu qui m'est tr\u00e8s cher. Il est cependant tr\u00e8s f\u00e2cheux de constater qu'il y a encore beaucoup de travail \u00e0 faire pour assurer la survie, la dignit\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre des peuples autochtones du pays.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169787\" data-originallang=\"fr\">En tant que porte-parole de l'opposition officielle en mati\u00e8re de logement, en 2012, j'ai entrepris une vaste tourn\u00e9e pancanadienne pour constater l'ampleur de la crise du logement au pays. Je garderai toute ma vie des souvenirs inoubliables des moments pass\u00e9s dans les circonscriptions de mes coll\u00e8gues d'<a data-HoCid=\"214476\" href=\"/politicians/romeo-saganash/\" title=\"Romeo Saganash\">Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou</a> et de <a data-HoCid=\"214573\" href=\"/politicians/georgina-jolibois/\" title=\"Georgina Jolibois\">Desneth\u00e9\u2014Missinippi\u2014Rivi\u00e8re Churchill</a>. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169788\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 eux, j'ai eu l'occasion de rencontrer des collectivit\u00e9s nordiques inuites et cries du Nunavik et des membres des Premi\u00e8res Nations du Nord de la Saskatchewan. C'est alors que j'ai pu passer de la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et prendre acte de l'ampleur des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la situation du logement autochtone au Canada.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169789\" data-originallang=\"fr\">J'ai beaucoup de difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre comment le gouvernement peut rester aussi peu actif dans ce domaine, quand on sait que le quotidien des familles autochtones est de vivre \u00e0 15 sous le m\u00eame toit, que les murs de leurs logements sont couverts de moisissure, et que plusieurs n'ont toujours pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable. Bref, ils vivent dans des conditions qu'on n'accepterait en aucun cas si c'\u00e9tait aussi g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 pour la population non autochtone.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169790\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Qui plus est, les logements qu'ils habitent ne sont ni adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 leur mode de vie traditionnel ni aux conditions climatiques. Cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 douloureuse les touche de plein fouet et pourtant aucune strat\u00e9gie cibl\u00e9e n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e, il y a moins de deux semaines, dans le cadre de la Strat\u00e9gie nationale sur le logement.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169791\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Les discriminations ne s'arr\u00eatent pas \u00e0 la question du logement. Au moment o\u00f9 on se parle, des hommes, des femmes et des enfants autochtones doivent encore faire face \u00e0 des lois archa\u00efques, coloniales, racistes, discriminatoires et sexistes. Ils continuent d'\u00eatre confront\u00e9s \u00e0 l'exclusion, \u00e0 la marginalisation et \u00e0 de graves violations de leurs droits fondamentaux.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169792\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Les traumatismes interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnels, la vague de suicides, la d\u00e9gradation de la sant\u00e9 mentale et physique devraient recevoir l'attention qu'ils m\u00e9ritent. Je pourrais continuer encore, car les difficult\u00e9s sont nombreuses.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169793\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Chose certaine, ce sont les politiques et mesures colonialistes pass\u00e9es et actuelles des gouvernements et des \u00e9glises qui sont \u00e0 l'origine de la d\u00e9possession de leurs terres et de leurs ressources, de ce honteux syst\u00e8me de pensionnats et du g\u00e9nocide culturel qu'ont occasionn\u00e9 le rejet et la destruction des langues et cultures autochtones.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169794\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Nous sommes en 2017, dans un pays qui dit \u00eatre \u00e0 l'\u00e8re de la r\u00e9conciliation. Si le moment de la r\u00e9conciliation est vraiment venu, si nous sommes vraiment sinc\u00e8res quand nous en parlons, ces fa\u00e7ons d'agir doivent cesser imm\u00e9diatement.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169795\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Il est imp\u00e9ratif de passer des paroles aux actes, car les droits fondamentaux des Autochtones ne sont plus n\u00e9gociables. Ils sont universels et devraient \u00eatre trait\u00e9s en cons\u00e9quence.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169796\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Les d\u00e9put\u00e9s se rappelleront assur\u00e9ment que, l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, la Commission de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et r\u00e9conciliation du Canada a notamment demand\u00e9 au gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, dans son appel \u00e0 l'action 43, \u00ab d\u2019adopter et de mettre en oeuvre la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones dans le cadre de la r\u00e9conciliation \u00bb.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169797\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Dans l'appel \u00e0 l'action 44, la Commission demande \u00ab d\u2019\u00e9laborer un plan d\u2019action et des strat\u00e9gies de port\u00e9e nationale de m\u00eame que d\u2019autres mesures concr\u00e8tes pour atteindre les objectifs de la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones \u00bb.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169798\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Le projet de loi <a data-HoCid=\"8160636\" href=\"/bills/42-1/C-262/\" title=\"An Act to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\">C-262</a> nous offre aujourd'hui l'occasion de rejeter ce pass\u00e9 colonial, de renverser les tendances historiques et les d\u00e9cisions qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9es et qui ont menac\u00e9 la survie de nombreux peuples autochtones. Il nous permet d'adopter une nouvelle approche fond\u00e9e sur la justice, l'\u00e9galit\u00e9, le respect des droits de la personne et la bonne foi, qui aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre \u00e9tablie et reconnue depuis bien longtemps.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169799\" data-originallang=\"fr\">La D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones reconna\u00eet aux peuples autochtones une s\u00e9rie de droits de la personne et de libert\u00e9s fondamentales. Son article 9 pr\u00e9voit aussi plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment que:</p>\n<blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169800\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> Les autochtones, peuples et individus, ont le droit d\u2019appartenir \u00e0 une communaut\u00e9 ou \u00e0 une nation autochtone, conform\u00e9ment aux traditions et coutumes de la communaut\u00e9 ou de la nation consid\u00e9r\u00e9e. Aucune discrimination quelle qu\u2019elle soit ne saurait r\u00e9sulter de l\u2019exercice de ce droit. </p>\n</blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169801\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Il est fini le temps de l'assimilation forc\u00e9e et de la destruction de leurs cultures. Que ce soit lorsque l'on parle d'\u00e9ducation, de sant\u00e9 ou de protection de l'environnement, la pr\u00e9servation de leur identit\u00e9 et de leurs coutumes et traditions doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme primordiale.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169802\" data-originallang=\"fr\">La D\u00e9claration pr\u00e9voit aussi le droit \u00e0 l'autod\u00e9termination, \u00e0 la sauvegarde et au d\u00e9veloppement de leurs propres institutions politiques, religieuses, culturelles et scolaires, ainsi que la protection de leurs biens culturels et intellectuels.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169803\" data-originallang=\"fr\">En outre, l'article 33 de la D\u00e9claration pr\u00e9voit que:</p>\n<blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169804\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> Les peuples autochtones ont le droit de d\u00e9cider de leur propre identit\u00e9 ou appartenance conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 leurs coutumes et traditions, sans pr\u00e9judice du droit des autochtones d\u2019obtenir, \u00e0 titre individuel, la citoyennet\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat dans lequel ils vivent. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169805\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> [Ils ont aussi] le droit de d\u00e9terminer les structures de leurs institutions et d'en choisir les membres selon leurs propres proc\u00e9dures. </p>\n</blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169806\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Le contr\u00f4le de leurs terres, de leurs territoires et de leurs ressources naturelles est un autre point essentiel de la D\u00e9claration. Les histoires des peuples autochtones nous enseignent qu'ils ont habit\u00e9 ces terres depuis des temps imm\u00e9moriaux.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169807\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Malgr\u00e9 les trait\u00e9s et les engagements \u00e0 vivre en harmonie sur cette terre, les colonisateurs n'ont pas respect\u00e9 leurs promesses. Il doit y avoir une restitution de terres, de territoire et de ressources, ainsi qu'une indemnisation juste et \u00e9quitable.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169808\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Par ailleurs, l'article 19 de la D\u00e9claration pr\u00e9voit que:</p>\n<blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169809\" data-originallang=\"fr\"> Les \u00c9tats se concertent et coop\u00e8rent de bonne foi avec les peuples autochtones int\u00e9ress\u00e9s \u2014 par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de leurs propres institutions repr\u00e9sentatives \u2014 avant d\u2019adopter et d\u2019appliquer des mesures l\u00e9gislatives ou administratives susceptibles de concerner les peuples autochtones, afin d\u2019obtenir leur consentement pr\u00e9alable, donn\u00e9 librement et en connaissance de cause. </p>\n</blockquote><p data-HoCid=\"5169810\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Cette derni\u00e8re disposition de la D\u00e9claration permettrait ainsi de renverser notre fa\u00e7on de faire et notre attitude historiquement colonialiste et de mettre en place un v\u00e9ritable processus de n\u00e9gociation d'\u00e9gal \u00e0 \u00e9gal entre nations.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169811\" data-originallang=\"fr\">La D\u00e9claration \u00e9tablit aussi des proc\u00e9dures justes et mutuellement acceptables pour r\u00e9soudre les conflits qu surgissent entre les peuples autochtones et les \u00c9tats, notamment des proc\u00e9dures de n\u00e9gociation, de m\u00e9diation et d'arbitrage, la mise en place de tribunaux nationaux et internationaux, ainsi que des m\u00e9canismes r\u00e9gionaux pour d\u00e9noncer et examiner les atteintes aux droits de la personne.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169812\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Si la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones est l'aboutissement de plus de 25 ans de travail collaboratif, le projet de loi du d\u00e9put\u00e9 d'<a data-HoCid=\"214476\" href=\"/politicians/romeo-saganash/\" title=\"Romeo Saganash\">Abitibi\u2014Baie-James\u2014Nunavik\u2014Eeyou</a> permettra enfin de b\u00e2tir une relation de nation \u00e0 nation qui aura une v\u00e9ritable signification ici, au pays.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169813\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Ce cadre l\u00e9gislatif permettra de laisser un h\u00e9ritage durable contribuant \u00e0 effacer progressivement les erreurs du pass\u00e9, d'agir comme catalyseur nous menant ultimement \u00e0 l'abrogation de la d\u00e9plorable Loi sur les Indiens, et de bannir efficacement les doctrines discriminatoires de la d\u00e9couverte et de la <em>terra nullius</em>.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169814\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Enfin, ce cadre l\u00e9gislatif permettra d'affirmer la valeur consid\u00e9rable accord\u00e9e au processus de r\u00e9conciliation nationale. Aucune r\u00e9conciliation ne sera possible au Canada en l'absence de justice.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169815\" data-originallang=\"fr\">Il est grand temps d'adopter et de mettre en oeuvre la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones, pour qu'enfin les droits fondamentaux des Premi\u00e8res Nations, des M\u00e9tis et des Inuits soient restitu\u00e9s et reconnus.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"5169816\" data-originallang=\"fr\">En terminant, j'aimerais rappeler que nous sommes ici en territoire anishnabe non c\u00e9d\u00e9. </p>"
    },
    "url": "/debates/2017/12/5/marjolaine-boutin-sweet-2/",
    "politician_url": "/politicians/marjolaine-boutin-sweet/",
    "politician_membership_url": "/politicians/memberships/4139/",
    "procedural": false,
    "source_id": "9867098",
    "h1": {
        "en": "Private Members' Business",
        "fr": "Initiatives Parlementaires"
    },
    "h2": {
        "en": "United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act",
        "fr": "Loi relative \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration des Nations Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones"
    },
    "document_url": "/debates/2017/12/5/",
    "related": {
        "document_speeches_url": "/speeches/?document=%2Fdebates%2F2017%2F12%2F5%2F"
    }
}