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{
    "time": "2023-05-09 11:10:00",
    "attribution": {
        "en": "Dr. Steven Morris (President, Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons)",
        "fr": "Dr Steven Morris (pr\u00e9sident, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Canadienne des Chirurgiens Plasticiens)"
    },
    "content": {
        "en": "<p data-HoCid=\"7789289\" data-originallang=\"en\"> Great. Thank you.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789290\" data-originallang=\"en\">I would like to thank the committee for the opportunity to appear here today and provide some information regarding breast implants. I agree with my colleague that the regulation of surgical implants is key to patient safety.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789291\" data-originallang=\"en\">I'm Steve Morris. I am a plastic and reconstructive surgeon. I've been working in Halifax for 30 years. I have a research lab, and I've been doing laboratory research for the last 25 or so years. Currently, I am president of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789292\" data-originallang=\"en\">I started my residency in the 1980s. At the time, breast implants were flawed. Results were poor and unpredictable. Gradually, the implant manufacturers improved the devices and results improved. Due to concerns about safety, in 1992 there was a moratorium placed on silicone gel implants. In order to do any kind of reconstruction, we had to use saline-filled implants for a period of time. The problem with saline-filled implants is that there's a 1% failure rate per implant per year. Spontaneous rupture is a consistent issue. Gradually, silicone implants were allowed back on the market, and Health Canada basically put the onus on the implant manufacturers to collect data.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789293\" data-originallang=\"en\">Just to back up a bit, what do we use breast implants for? I do a lot of breast reconstructive surgeries using implants. There are congenital causes for breast deformity, such as hypoplasia, asymmetry or other more unusual breast deformities. Transgender patients require breast implants. Finally, there's cosmetic breast augmentation. The number of these procedures varies from surgeon to surgeon in different practices.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789294\" data-originallang=\"en\">There's always been some level of concern about breast implant safety. In the 1980s-style implant, there was an unacceptably high rate of implant rupture. As the manufacturers tried to achieve a better implant, they made the capsule thinner and thinner and the silicone more viscous. This ended up causing a lot of ruptures.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789295\" data-originallang=\"en\">Silicone has been of concern because of what it could do in the body. Generally, silicone was first selected because it's relatively biologically inert, but there is always a capsule around any implanted device. Whatever the type of implant in the body, there's always a capsule around it. That seems to cause a lot of the problems in a certain subset of the patients.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789296\" data-originallang=\"en\">When the moratorium was announced in 1992, there were hundreds of research projects looking at the safety, particularly looking at the autoimmune. At that time, there was no convincing evidence. That's why Health Canada allowed the implants back on the market, with the understanding that the implant manufacturers were going to study the data. That's why we're here today.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789297\" data-originallang=\"en\">It's said that the best time to plant a tree is 30 years ago, and the second-best time to plant a tree is today. It's the same with this registry. Today is the best time to start moving forward with this issue: We would have excellent data by now.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789298\" data-originallang=\"en\">BIA, or breast implant-associated, ALCL is a large, very serious tumour caused by breast implants. Again, textured implants were associated with it in the highest numbers, but there's no doubt that there's a relationship between anaplastic large cell lymphoma, which is a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the implants. That's the reason they were taken off the market in 2019. If we'd had that data, when we first got an inkling of ALCL, we could have alerted all those patients and all those surgeons, explanted those implants and stopped the production of them, setting back the clock about 10 years. We lost that opportunity\u2014or more.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789299\" data-originallang=\"en\">Unfortunately, right now there is no good way to track the number of patients who have received these types of implants. A registry would have accomplished this easily. In every surgical procedure, the surgeon is required to disclose to the patient the cost-benefit analysis of the operation. What are the risks? What's the financial cost? What pain and suffering will be associated with this? What's the goal of the operation? If we do not have adequate data on breast implants, we can't correctly advise our patients. As surgeons, we want to achieve excellent results every day, but we want to do it safely.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789300\" data-originallang=\"en\">In this patient population, believe it or not, after what you've just heard, we get great results very consistently. I've been practising for 30 years. If I'd had terrible results and patients who were badly affected, I would have stopped doing these types of surgeries a long time ago. Clearly, we're getting great results most of the time.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789301\" data-originallang=\"en\"> Then there are cases we don't know about. We've lost them to follow-up or what have you.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789302\" data-originallang=\"en\">In order to provide optimal and safe patient care, I think we need to create a national breast implant registry. I had a quote from one of the papers I read in preparation for this, which is that the obligation for patient safety lies not with the doctor who uses the medical device, but with the government that regulates the medical device.</p>",
        "fr": "<p data-HoCid=\"7789289\" data-originallang=\"en\">Super! Merci.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789290\" data-originallang=\"en\">Je remercie le Comit\u00e9 de m\u2019avoir invit\u00e9 \u00e0 t\u00e9moigner et \u00e0 lui fournir des informations sur la question des implants mammaires. Je suis d'accord avec mon confr\u00e8re pour dire qu'il faut r\u00e9glementer les implants mammaires afin d'assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des clientes. </p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789291\" data-originallang=\"en\">Je m\u2019appelle Steve Morris. Je suis chirurgien plasticien et reconstructeur. Je travaille \u00e0 Halifax depuis 30 ans. Je dirige un laboratoire de recherche et je fais de la recherche en laboratoire depuis environ 25 ans. Je suis actuellement pr\u00e9sident de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Canadienne des Chirurgiens Plasticiens.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789292\" data-originallang=\"en\">J\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 ma r\u00e9sidence dans les ann\u00e9e 1980. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, les implants mammaires \u00e9taient d\u00e9fectueux. Les r\u00e9sultats \u00e9taient m\u00e9diocres et impr\u00e9visibles. Peu \u00e0 peu, les fabricants d\u2019implants ont am\u00e9lior\u00e9 les dispositifs et les r\u00e9sultats. Pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en 1992, un moratoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9 sur les implants au gel de silicone. Pour toute reconstruction, nous avons d\u00fb utiliser des implants remplis de solution saline pendant un certain temps. Le probl\u00e8me avec les implants remplis de solution saline, c\u2019est que le taux de d\u00e9faillance par implant est de 1 % par ann\u00e9e. La rupture spontan\u00e9e est un probl\u00e8me r\u00e9current. Graduellement, les implants de silicone ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remis sur le march\u00e9, et Sant\u00e9 Canada a essentiellement impos\u00e9 aux fabricants d\u2019implants la responsabilit\u00e9 de recueillir des donn\u00e9es.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789293\" data-originallang=\"en\">Pour revenir un peu en arri\u00e8re, \u00e0 quoi servent les implants mammaires? Je fais beaucoup de chirurgies reconstructives mammaires avec des implants. Il existe des causes cong\u00e9nitales de difformit\u00e9s mammaires, comme l\u2019hypoplasie, l\u2019asym\u00e9trie ou d\u2019autres difformit\u00e9s plus inhabituelles. Les patientes transgenres ont besoin d\u2019implants mammaires. Enfin, il y a l\u2019augmentation cosm\u00e9tique des seins. Le nombre de ces interventions varie d\u2019un chirurgien \u00e0 l\u2019autre dans diff\u00e9rentes pratiques.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789294\" data-originallang=\"en\">On s\u2019est toujours inqui\u00e9t\u00e9 de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des implants mammaires. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, le taux de rupture d\u2019implants \u00e9tait beaucoup trop \u00e9lev\u00e9. \u00c0 mesure que les fabricants essayaient d\u2019obtenir un meilleur implant, ils ont aminci la capsule et rendu le silicone plus visqueux. Cela a fini par causer beaucoup de ruptures.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789295\" data-originallang=\"en\">Le silicone est une source de pr\u00e9occupation en raison de ce qu\u2019il peut faire dans le corps. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, le silicone a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi parce qu\u2019il est relativement inerte biologiquement, mais il y a toujours une capsule autour de tout dispositif implant\u00e9. Quel que soit le type d\u2019implant dans le corps, il y a toujours une capsule autour. Cela semble causer beaucoup de probl\u00e8mes dans un certain sous-groupe de patientes.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789296\" data-originallang=\"en\">Quand le moratoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9 en 1992, des centaines de projets de recherche ont alors port\u00e9 sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en particulier sur l\u2019aspect auto-immun. \u00c0 ce moment\u2011l\u00e0, il n\u2019y avait pas de preuves convaincantes. C\u2019est pourquoi Sant\u00e9 Canada a autoris\u00e9 le retour des implants sur le march\u00e9, sachant que les fabricants d\u2019implants allaient \u00e9tudier les donn\u00e9es. C\u2019est pourquoi nous sommes ici aujourd\u2019hui.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789297\" data-originallang=\"en\">On dit que le meilleur moment pour planter un arbre, c\u2019\u00e9tait il y a 30 ans, et le deuxi\u00e8me meilleur moment pour le faire, c\u2019est aujourd\u2019hui. C\u2019est la m\u00eame chose pour ce registre. Aujourd\u2019hui est le meilleur moment pour commencer \u00e0 progresser dans ce dossier. Nous aurions d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019excellentes donn\u00e9es.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789298\" data-originallang=\"en\">Le LAGC\u2011AIM, pour lymphome anaplasique \u00e0 grandes cellules associ\u00e9 aux implants mammaires, est une tumeur tr\u00e8s grave caus\u00e9e par des implants mammaires. Encore une fois, les implants textur\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9s en plus grand nombre au LAGC, mais il ne fait aucun doute qu\u2019il existe un lien entre le lymphome anaplasique \u00e0 grandes cellules, qui est une forme de lymphome non hodgkinien, et les implants. C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle les IMS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s du march\u00e9 en 2019. Il y a 10 ans, si nous avions dispos\u00e9 de ces donn\u00e9es quand nous avons subodor\u00e9 l'existence du LAGC, nous aurions pu alerter toutes ces patientes et leurs chirurgiens, retirer ces implants et en arr\u00eater la production. Nous sommes pass\u00e9s \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de cette occasion, pour ne pas dire plus.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789299\" data-originallang=\"en\">Malheureusement, il n\u2019existe pas actuellement de bon moyen de suivre le nombre de patients ayant re\u00e7u ce genre d\u2019implants. Un registre aurait permis de le faire facilement. Dans toute intervention chirurgicale, le chirurgien est tenu de divulguer au patient l\u2019analyse co\u00fbts-avantages de l\u2019op\u00e9ration. Quels sont les risques? Quel est le co\u00fbt financier? Quelles douleurs et quelles souffrances seront \u00e9ventuellement associ\u00e9es \u00e0 ce choix? Quel est le but de l\u2019op\u00e9ration? Si nous n\u2019avons pas de donn\u00e9es ad\u00e9quates sur les implants mammaires, nous ne pouvons pas conseiller correctement nos patientes. En tant que chirurgiens, nous voulons obtenir d\u2019excellents r\u00e9sultats tous les jours, mais nous voulons le faire en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789300\" data-originallang=\"en\">Croyez\u2011le ou non, apr\u00e8s ce que vous venez d\u2019entendre, nous obtenons constamment d\u2019excellents r\u00e9sultats dans cette population de patientes. Je pratique depuis 30 ans. Si j\u2019avais eu des r\u00e9sultats terribles et des patientes gravement touch\u00e9es, j\u2019aurais cess\u00e9 de faire ce genre de chirurgie depuis longtemps. Il est certain que nous obtenons d\u2019excellents r\u00e9sultats la plupart du temps.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789301\" data-originallang=\"en\"> Il y a aussi les cas dont nous ne sommes pas au courant. Nous les avons perdus dans le suivi ou je ne sais quoi d'autre.</p>\n<p data-HoCid=\"7789302\" data-originallang=\"en\">Pour offrir aux patientes des soins optimaux et s\u00e9curitaires, je crois que nous devons cr\u00e9er un registre national des implants mammaires. J'ai cit\u00e9 un article que j'ai lu en pr\u00e9paration de ma pr\u00e9sentation, dans lequel on dit que l'obligation d'assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des patientes ne revient pas au m\u00e9decin qui utilise le mat\u00e9riel m\u00e9dical, mais au gouvernement qui le r\u00e9glemente.</p>"
    },
    "url": "/committees/health/44-1/67/dr-steven-morris-1/",
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    "politician_membership_url": null,
    "procedural": false,
    "source_id": "12197183",
    "document_url": "/committees/health/44-1/67/",
    "related": {
        "document_speeches_url": "/speeches/?document=%2Fcommittees%2Fhealth%2F44-1%2F67%2F"
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}